[ISTQB] 4.2 Categories of Test Design Techniques (K2)

LO-4.2.1 Recall reasons that both specification-based (black-box) and structure-based (white-box) test design techniques are useful and list the common techniques for each (K1) 

- Black-box / Specification-based test design is based on functional or non-functional specification analysis for designing test cases without reference to the internal structure of the system/functionality (code). 
Test basis (including user requirements/functional specification) is used to design the test case.

- White-box / Structure-based test design use an analysis of the internal structure of the system (decisions points of a flow, code..) for designing a test case. It is focused on the logical structure of the system/component and how it is executed.

- Experience-based test design technique use tester's experience, knowledge and intuition for ensuring selection and design of appropriate test cases.

All these different test design techniques have the same goal: identify test conditions, test cases and test data needed. 

LO-4.2.2 Explain the characteristics, commonalities, and differences between specification-based testing, structure-based testing and experience-based testing (K2) 

Black-box or White-box are based on an objective analysis of specification or code and can be associated to the subjective experience-based technique. 

Each techniques can consequently used according to the context and the likelihood of type of faults that may occur. 

These techniques are commonly concerned for functional or non functional requirements and finally allows to measure extent of the test coverage.